by Joy Maitland | May 25, 2025 | Board Members, Board Trustees, CEO, CFO, COO, CIO, General Managers, Heads of Divisions
Why Leaders Deny Facts — And What to Do About It
The Psychology Behind Strategic Blind Spots in Senior Decision-Making
In boardrooms, strategy sessions, and executive off-sites, a familiar pattern often emerges. Leaders ask for data, assess options, and demand analysis. Yet when the facts challenge deeply held assumptions or preferred outcomes, something subtle—but powerful—can happen.
– The facts get side-lined.
– The challenge gets dismissed.
– The truth gets buried.
This is not about ignorance or bad intentions. In fact, the most seasoned professionals—those with reputations to protect and legacies to defend—are often the most susceptible to motivated reasoning. This psychological tendency leads people to unconsciously filter information in ways that protect their identity, beliefs, or past decisions.
Understanding why this happens is not just an academic exercise. It’s a leadership imperative for anyone navigating disruption, innovation, or high-stakes decisions.
What Psychology Reveals: Three Experiments Every Leader Should Know
1. Motivated Reasoning in High-Stakes Environments
Research consistently shows that people are more likely to accept information that supports what they already believe—and to reject or scrutinise data that contradicts it. This pattern intensifies when:
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Professional reputation is on the line
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The decision is politically sensitive or emotionally loaded
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The new information threatens an existing narrative
In one study, participants received balanced evidence on a controversial issue. Their conclusions differed dramatically—not because of the data, but because of what they already believed.
Leadership takeaway: Even in data-driven cultures, bias can masquerade as alignment. Leaders must question whether their objectivity is as robust as it appears.
2. The Backfire Effect: When Facts Reinforce False Beliefs
Another study attempted to correct factual misconceptions with evidence-based briefings. Surprisingly, those with higher education levels didn’t change their minds—they became even more entrenched in their original views.
This is known as the backfire effect: when facts not only fail to persuade but reinforce the falsehoods they aim to correct.
Leadership takeaway: Better data doesn’t always lead to better decisions. The urge to be “right” often outweighs the willingness to rethink.
3. The “Pay-to-Avoid” Experiment
Perhaps the most revealing experiment asked participants whether they’d prefer to read an article with an opposing viewpoint—or pay a small fee to avoid it. Many chose to pay, even when the article was balanced and respectful.
Leadership takeaway: If people avoid intellectual discomfort in a lab setting, imagine the avoidance behaviours that might surface in the boardroom—where hierarchy, politics, and performance pressures come into play.
Where Fact-Denial Shows Up in the C-Suite
When leaders ignore inconvenient truths, the ripple effects extend beyond individual decisions—they shape organisational culture. Here’s how fact-denial manifests at the senior level:
- Confirmation bias in forecasting: favouring data that supports preferred projections
- Groupthink in innovation: rejecting bold or unconventional ideas prematurely
- Suppressed challenge: excluding diverse or junior voices from decision-making
- Narrative inertia: clinging to outdated success stories despite new realities
Unchecked, these behaviours create echo chambers at the top—where truth becomes optional and risk grows silently.
What Effective Leaders Do Differently
Recognising bias is not enough. Leaders must actively design teams, processes, and systems that invite facts, encourage challenge, and reward intellectual honesty.
1. Normalise Cognitive Dissonance: Encourage teams to see discomfort as a sign of growth. When people feel safe admitting uncertainty, they become more curious and less defensive.
2. Use Structured Dissent: Assign formal roles such as devil’s advocate or run pre-mortem sessions. These mechanisms depersonalise dissent and legitimise critical thinking.
3. Separate Identity from Ideas: Promote the idea that changing one’s mind is a strength, not a weakness. Leaders who model this set the tone for open, adaptive thinking.
4. Slow Down the ‘Snap Yes’: Add cognitive speed bumps to big decisions. Ask: What assumptions are we making? What might we be missing? Who gains if we’re wrong?
5. Reward Truth-Seekers: Recognise those who challenge consensus respectfully, raise red flags early, or bring forward uncomfortable insights. These individuals make your business more resilient.
Final Thought: Resilient Leaders Embrace Discomfort
Leaders aren’t just decision-makers—they’re narrative-shapers. They influence not just what organisations do, but what they believe.
When leadership teams sanitise uncomfortable truths in favour of harmony, they trade clarity for comfort. Over time, that comfort becomes dangerous.
The future belongs to leaders who seek challenge over cheerleading, clarity over certainty, and truth over tribalism. Not because it’s easy, but because the cost of denial is too high to ignore.
The best leaders don’t fear facts. They create cultures that welcome them.
The Right Conversation Can Change Everything. Let’s Talk.
by Atiya Sheikh | May 25, 2025 | Board Members, Board Trustees, CEO, CFO, COO, CIO, General Managers, Heads of Divisions, Leadership Development
Resilience Starts at the Top: How Leaders Can Equip Their Businesses for Disruption
In an age of constant flux, where global shocks and rapid change have become the norm, the role of a CEO has evolved. Today’s leaders must move beyond traditional responsibilities and embrace a more dynamic title: Chief Resilience Officer.
Recent research from McKinsey & Company raises a pressing concern—84% of business leaders say they feel ill-equipped to handle future disruptions, and 60% of board members believe their organisations lack the preparation to face the next major crisis. Yet, amid this uncertainty, leaders can adopt clear, actionable strategies to build resilience and position their organisations for sustainable growth.
Understanding the Five Dimensions of Resilience
To lead effectively through disruption, CEOs must recognise that resilience spans multiple dimensions. McKinsey outlines four key areas:
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Financial Resilience – The flexibility, liquidity, and access to capital organisations need to weather setbacks and seize opportunities.
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Operational Resilience – The agility to pivot business practices swiftly and at scale.
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Organisational Resilience – The cultural and structural strength that enables teams to adapt and recover from setbacks.
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External Resilience – The strength of stakeholder relationships—including clients, regulators, and investors—that stabilise and support the business.
At inemmo, we believe organisations must also prioritise a fifth dimension:
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Digital Resilience – The ability to adapt, protect, and thrive in an increasingly digital world. This includes countering cyber threats, embracing emerging technologies, sustaining operations through digital platforms, and enhancing digital capabilities across all levels of staff.
In our global leadership work, we regularly observe how digital fragility can undermine even the most robust strategies. Digital resilience is no longer just part of operational readiness—it has become a strategic imperative.
Embedding Resilience into Organisational Vision
High-performing companies often outperform their peers because their leadership teams align under a shared, resilient vision. CEOs must set this ‘North Star’—a guiding purpose that remains steady in turbulent times.
However, many organisations fail to communicate their vision consistently during uncertainty. CEOs must take the lead in recalibrating their messaging, ensuring it connects long-term ambition with short-term responsiveness. A resilient vision inspires confidence and unifies teams navigating ambiguity.
Linking Resilience Directly to Growth
Resilient businesses don’t wait for disruption to expose weaknesses—they plan ahead. McKinsey reports that 72% of high-performing CEOs set growth targets that exceed the market average. These leaders recognise that resilience acts not only as a shield but as a catalyst for progress and innovation.
Practical actions include scenario planning, stress testing, and using periods of calm to build future capabilities. When leaders treat resilience as a growth engine, they position their organisations to seize opportunities amid uncertainty.
Investing in People and ‘Full-Body’ Resilience
Organisational strength relies on more than systems—it depends on people. CEOs must build what McKinsey describes as “full-body resilience” by addressing all five dimensions in an integrated way. Strength in one area should support others when pressure builds.
This requires investment in the adaptability and well-being of individuals across the business. Leaders should prioritise hiring and developing people who remain agile, responsive, and solution-focused—even under pressure.
Strengthening Stakeholder Relationships
In a complex, interconnected world, CEOs must show up as visible, vocal, and values-led leaders. While many executives believe in corporate responsibility, few feel that organisations take meaningful action.
Effective leaders build external resilience by cultivating strong relationships with a wide range of stakeholders—suppliers, clients, policymakers, investors, and media. These relationships grow through authenticity, consistent communication, and the courage to lead conversations on critical issues.
Final Thought
At inemmo, we believe resilient leadership goes beyond managing risk—it requires a mindset shift. In moments of upheaval, CEOs who embrace this expanded role, align their people, adapt their strategies, and build external trust will guide their organisations toward long-term value and impact.
Is your leadership team ready to become resilience architects?
The Right Conversation Can Change Everything. Let’s Talk.
by Atiya Sheikh | May 25, 2025 | Board Members, Board Trustees, CEO, CFO, COO, CIO, General Managers, Heads of Divisions
Succession Planning: The Strategic Discipline That Shapes the Future
Leadership succession is not an event—it is a discipline. Done well, it secures continuity, strengthens organisational confidence, and positions businesses to adapt and grow. But handled poorly, it exposes gaps, disrupts momentum, and undermines long-term performance.
At inemmo, we work with boards and executive teams to treat succession planning as a vital thread of strategy. It is not about filling a vacancy; it is about building a pipeline of leaders prepared to guide the business through whatever comes next.
Embed Succession from the Start, Not the Exit
Succession planning should begin the moment a new CEO or senior leader steps into their role—not when they start thinking about stepping down. Organisations that excel in this space treat succession as an ongoing leadership responsibility, not a reactive process.
Embedding succession planning into the rhythm of executive oversight enables early identification of potential successors and helps ensure long-term readiness.. It allows leadership teams to make informed decisions, avoid last-minute scrambles, and ensure the future is always being shaped—not simply awaited.
The Next Leader Should Be Built for What’s Ahead
One of the most common missteps in succession is choosing someone who mirrors the current leader. While continuity has its place, it should not come at the expense of future readiness.
Boards and leadership teams must look beyond what works now because tomorrow’s challenges will be different. What capabilities will be essential as the business evolves? What leadership style will help the organisation respond to new market forces, emerging technologies, or global uncertainties?
Succession planning must be future-facing. It requires a clear, dynamic leadership profile—one that evolves alongside strategy, culture, and external shifts. Psychometric tools, behavioural assessments and executive development insights provide the evidence needed to identify not just high performers, but high-potential leaders prepared for tomorrow’s demands.
A Strong Handover Builds Confidence and Momentum
A leadership transition is not just about who comes next—it’s about how they are supported. Outgoing leaders play a vital role in enabling a smooth handover. When handled with transparency and structure, this transition builds confidence among investors, employees, and stakeholders.
It is essential that the incoming leader is given both backing and breathing space. A well-executed handover includes mentorship without interference, knowledge transfer without micromanagement, and public endorsement without overreach.
The real measure of a leadership legacy is not only in what was achieved—but in how the next chapter is made possible.
Succession Planning as a Leadership Culture
Truly resilient organisations treat succession planning as a core element of their leadership culture. It becomes part of how talent is developed, how strategy is sustained, and how growth is enabled over time.
At inemmo, we help organisations make succession planning part of the leadership dialogue, not a last-minute discussion. We support boards, senior teams and HR leaders to prepare the next generation of executives—not just to take over, but to take the organisation forward.
Succession is not about replacement. It’s about renewal.
The Right Conversation Can Change Everything. Let’s Talk.
by Joy Maitland | May 25, 2025 | Board Trustees, CEO, CFO, COO, CIO, General Managers, Heads of Divisions
Integration or Implosion? Winning the Culture Battle After a Merger
Mergers and acquisitions are often hailed as game-changing strategies to achieve rapid growth, scale innovation, and strengthen market position. But all too frequently, they fail to deliver the anticipated results. The missing link? Human experience.
At inemmo, our work with executive teams across multiple sectors has revealed a recurring truth: even the most financially sound and strategically aligned acquisitions can unravel when the employee integration journey is overlooked. The greatest risk in any merger is not just technological or operational misalignment—it is the disengagement of the very people expected to drive post-deal success.
The Human Cost of Poor Integration
Employees within acquired organisations often describe the experience as disorienting, isolating, and at times, deeply unsettling. These individuals—many of whom bring invaluable innovation, knowledge, and relationships—are too often left feeling voiceless, underutilised, and disconnected. One described the moment of acquisition news as “like a death in the family.” Such emotional fallout is not only widespread—it has lasting business consequences.
Where this disconnect persists, engagement plummets, productivity stalls, and attrition increases—sometimes for years. Alarmingly, even in cases where the acquisition brings together complementary capabilities, a poorly managed culture clash can erode the very value the deal aimed to create.
The Opportunity: Building a Unified, Respectful Culture
Creating a unified culture doesn’t mean enforcing uniformity. It means aligning behaviours, systems, and values in a way that respects the heritage of both organisations while moving forward with clarity. To achieve this, acquirers must place culture integration on equal footing with legal, financial, and operational priorities.
Based on insights from across the M&A landscape and inemmo’s leadership development expertise, five practices stand out:
1. Conduct a Dual-Sided Culture Assessment
Most firms assess the culture of the company they’re acquiring. Far fewer hold up the mirror to their own. This is a strategic misstep.
A meaningful culture assessment must explore both entities—mapping how they make decisions, manage risk, and engage with innovation. These insights enable leadership to anticipate friction points and clarify the path forward. Cultural differences, if left unexamined, can delay innovation, undermine collaboration, and stifle initiative.
2. Create a Clear, Human-Centred Culture Integration Plan
Integration must be more than a timeline—it should be a leadership commitment to clarity, dialogue, and empathy. Leaders must articulate not only what will change, but why. They should equip managers with the rationale, resources, and autonomy to bridge cultural gaps with authenticity.
This is especially true when legacy cultures hold prized traits—entrepreneurial energy, speed, creativity—that risk being stifled. As we’ve seen, when acquiring firms pause to explain their methods, rather than impose them, engagement and trust increase.
3. Map the Employee Journey—Before It Begins
A merger feels abstract until it becomes personal. Will their systems change? Who do they report to? How do they apply for leave?
Mapping the employee journey—across 12 to 24 months—allows organisations to prepare for real-life milestones and manage change compassionately. Whether it’s benefits queries, IT logins, or badge renewals, every interaction either builds or erodes trust.
Just as importantly, clarity must replace ambiguity. If certain decisions are still pending, say so. Transparency—even about uncertainty—is more reassuring than misleading certainty.
4. Empower Middle Managers as Culture Translators
Middle managers are the bridge between strategy and reality. Yet too often, they are brought in late, without the information or tools to lead their teams through change.
Equipping these leaders with decision rights, context, and regular access to senior integration teams transforms them into confident, credible guides. They need to be heard—early, often, and visibly—as they carry the message and pulse of the integration.
5. Stay Agile and Responsive to What Emerges
No matter how detailed the integration plan, new insights will emerge. Perhaps the culture is more risk-averse than anticipated. Perhaps legacy rituals, like Friday pizza gatherings, are core to team morale.
Success lies not in rigid execution, but in responsiveness. Build in review phases. Use pulse surveys. Act swiftly on what matters—however small it may seem. Integration is not a one-time event, but a dynamic process that requires real-time adjustment and human leadership.
Cultural Intelligence in Action
At inemmo, we believe cultural intelligence is a decisive advantage during M&As. Leaders who listen closely, communicate clearly, and integrate respectfully not only preserve value—they unlock it.
A successful merger is not just about combining balance sheets or operational systems. It’s about blending ambitions, aligning behaviours, and creating a shared story that people want to be part of.
The deal may be signed in the boardroom. But its true success is determined in the hearts and minds of employees—day by day, conversation by conversation.
by Joy Maitland | Mar 2, 2025 | Board Trustees, CEO, CFO, COO, CIO, Managing Directors, News & Articles
Brand loyalty is more than just repeat purchases—it’s a powerful driver of business resilience and long-term growth. A prime example is the automotive industry. General Motors (GM) recently secured the S&P Global Mobility Award for Overall Loyalty for the tenth consecutive year, proving that a well-established reputation and a consistent customer experience can make all the difference.
Why Brand Loyalty Matters for Business Leaders
For business leaders, loyalty isn’t just a marketing buzzword—it’s a strategic asset. Companies that build strong relationships with their customers gain distinct advantages:
- Stability in Uncertain Times
When economic conditions shift or competition heats up, a loyal customer base provides a buffer. Customers who connect with a brand on a deeper level are less likely to be swayed by short-term price changes or alternative options.
- Lower Costs, Higher Returns
Winning over new customers is expensive. Keeping existing ones is far more cost-effective and leads to higher lifetime value. A strong customer base reduces reliance on costly acquisition campaigns and drives steady revenue.
- Reputation and Influence
Satisfied customers become your best marketing tool. They spread the word, leave positive reviews, and recommend your brand to others—helping you expand your reach without additional investment.
GM vs Tesla: A Study in Contrasts
GM’s commitment to quality and innovation has earned it long-standing customer trust. The company’s U.S. electric vehicle (EV) market share climbed to 12% in late 2024, doubling from the previous year. Consumers are responding to GM’s expanding EV range, offering more choice and accessibility. More importantly, GM understands that loyalty isn’t just about selling cars—it’s about building an ecosystem that keeps customers returning, from service plans to seamless integration with new technologies.
Tesla, on the other hand, is learning the hard way that brand prestige alone doesn’t guarantee continued devotion. European sales plummeted by nearly 50% in early 2025, leading to an 8% drop in stock value. The electric vehicle market is becoming more competitive, and Tesla faces increasing pressure from Chinese manufacturers such as BYD and XPeng, who offer high-tech alternatives at competitive prices. On top of that, uncertainties around government incentives and Tesla’s own pricing strategy have led some once-loyal customers to explore other options.
The contrast is clear: GM has successfully evolved its brand to keep customers engaged, while Tesla is struggling to adapt to shifting market conditions. Even the most innovative companies must actively nurture customer relationships to maintain loyalty.
How to Build Lasting Loyalty
To keep customers engaged and committed, businesses need to focus on three key areas:
- Consistency is King
Customers stick with brands they trust. Delivering reliable quality, service, and experiences is non-negotiable.
- Meaningful Engagement
Loyalty doesn’t stop after a sale. Strong after-sales support, personal touches, and ongoing communication keep customers invested.
- Authenticity Wins
Customers can spot insincerity a mile away. Transparency, ethical practices, and a genuine commitment to customer needs build lasting trust.
Loyalty: The Ultimate Competitive Edge
In an unpredictable world, brand loyalty is what separates businesses that thrive from those that struggle to stay relevant. Companies that prioritise customer relationships alongside innovation and operational excellence will always have the upper hand.
Tesla is facing a wake-up call—will it adjust course and reconnect with its customers, or will loyalty continue to erode? And in your business, are you doing enough to ensure customers stay with you, even when new competitors enter the market?
How is your organisation strengthening its brand loyalty strategy?
The Right Conversation Can Change Everything. Let’s Talk.
by Joy Maitland | Mar 1, 2025 | Board Members, Board Trustees, CEO, CFO, COO, CIO, Heads of Divisions, Managing Directors, News & Articles, Non-Executive Board Members, Senior Managers
Bold ideas and visionary leaders may capture headlines, but real organisational transformation emerges from the intricate web of new and evolving relationships.
Embracing Complexity: A Smarter Approach to Business Transformation
Transformation is often framed as a bold vision driven by senior leadership, executed through structured plans. Yet in today’s volatile business environment, this approach falls short. Real change does not come from rigid strategies but from the interplay of relationships, systems, and emerging opportunities. Leaders who embrace complexity rather than resist it will unlock new levels of agility, adaptability, and innovation.
The Flaw in Traditional Transformation Thinking
Many leaders assume transformation is best achieved through top-down control—a defined roadmap with clear milestones. While structure has its place, this approach underestimates the reality of complex organisations: change is non-linear, unpredictable, and shaped by countless interactions across teams, departments, and stakeholders.
Relying solely on executive directives often leads to missed opportunities and resistance. Employees on the front lines understand operational challenges and customer needs in ways that leadership alone cannot. When transformation efforts engage diverse perspectives and allow adaptive decision-making, organisations become more resilient and responsive.
Why Complexity is an Advantage
Businesses today operate in interconnected systems—supply chains, markets, and workforces that evolve continuously. Attempting to control every variable is futile. Instead, leaders should focus on enabling conditions where change can emerge organically.
A company that integrates feedback loops, cross-functional collaboration, and iterative learning creates agility at all levels. This allows teams to pivot when faced with unexpected challenges rather than being constrained by rigid plans. Complexity is not a barrier; it is a source of strength for organisations that build adaptability into their culture.
Leadership: From Control to Enabling Change
Effective leaders in complex environments shift from directing to empowering. Instead of imposing a fixed agenda, they:
- Set a clear vision, but allow flexibility in execution
- Encourage open collaboration across functions to surface innovative solutions
- Support a culture of learning, where feedback informs strategy
- Break down silos, ensuring that transformation is a shared responsibility
This leadership approach does not mean stepping back—it means creating the right conditions for transformation to thrive.
Building Agility Into Strategy
Rigid, one-size-fits-all strategies no longer work in dynamic environments. Instead, organisations should:
- Treat plans as adaptable frameworks, not static roadmaps
- Test and iterate—small-scale pilots can uncover unexpected insights
- Balance structure with flexibility, allowing teams to adjust based on real-time challenges
Business transformation is not a single event—it is a continuous process shaped by relationships, learning, and adaptability. Leaders who recognise the power of complexity will build organisations that not only survive change but thrive because of it. The challenge is not to eliminate complexity but to harness it.
Is your organisation structured for control—or for adaptability?
The Right Conversation Can Change Everything. Let’s Talk.
