by Joy Maitland | May 25, 2025 | Board Members, Board Trustees, CEO, CFO, COO, CIO, General Managers, Heads of Divisions
Why Leaders Deny Facts — And What to Do About It
The Psychology Behind Strategic Blind Spots in Senior Decision-Making
In boardrooms, strategy sessions, and executive off-sites, a familiar pattern often emerges. Leaders ask for data, assess options, and demand analysis. Yet when the facts challenge deeply held assumptions or preferred outcomes, something subtle—but powerful—can happen.
– The facts get side-lined.
– The challenge gets dismissed.
– The truth gets buried.
This is not about ignorance or bad intentions. In fact, the most seasoned professionals—those with reputations to protect and legacies to defend—are often the most susceptible to motivated reasoning. This psychological tendency leads people to unconsciously filter information in ways that protect their identity, beliefs, or past decisions.
Understanding why this happens is not just an academic exercise. It’s a leadership imperative for anyone navigating disruption, innovation, or high-stakes decisions.
What Psychology Reveals: Three Experiments Every Leader Should Know
1. Motivated Reasoning in High-Stakes Environments
Research consistently shows that people are more likely to accept information that supports what they already believe—and to reject or scrutinise data that contradicts it. This pattern intensifies when:
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Professional reputation is on the line
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The decision is politically sensitive or emotionally loaded
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The new information threatens an existing narrative
In one study, participants received balanced evidence on a controversial issue. Their conclusions differed dramatically—not because of the data, but because of what they already believed.
Leadership takeaway: Even in data-driven cultures, bias can masquerade as alignment. Leaders must question whether their objectivity is as robust as it appears.
2. The Backfire Effect: When Facts Reinforce False Beliefs
Another study attempted to correct factual misconceptions with evidence-based briefings. Surprisingly, those with higher education levels didn’t change their minds—they became even more entrenched in their original views.
This is known as the backfire effect: when facts not only fail to persuade but reinforce the falsehoods they aim to correct.
Leadership takeaway: Better data doesn’t always lead to better decisions. The urge to be “right” often outweighs the willingness to rethink.
3. The “Pay-to-Avoid” Experiment
Perhaps the most revealing experiment asked participants whether they’d prefer to read an article with an opposing viewpoint—or pay a small fee to avoid it. Many chose to pay, even when the article was balanced and respectful.
Leadership takeaway: If people avoid intellectual discomfort in a lab setting, imagine the avoidance behaviours that might surface in the boardroom—where hierarchy, politics, and performance pressures come into play.
Where Fact-Denial Shows Up in the C-Suite
When leaders ignore inconvenient truths, the ripple effects extend beyond individual decisions—they shape organisational culture. Here’s how fact-denial manifests at the senior level:
- Confirmation bias in forecasting: favouring data that supports preferred projections
- Groupthink in innovation: rejecting bold or unconventional ideas prematurely
- Suppressed challenge: excluding diverse or junior voices from decision-making
- Narrative inertia: clinging to outdated success stories despite new realities
Unchecked, these behaviours create echo chambers at the top—where truth becomes optional and risk grows silently.
What Effective Leaders Do Differently
Recognising bias is not enough. Leaders must actively design teams, processes, and systems that invite facts, encourage challenge, and reward intellectual honesty.
1. Normalise Cognitive Dissonance: Encourage teams to see discomfort as a sign of growth. When people feel safe admitting uncertainty, they become more curious and less defensive.
2. Use Structured Dissent: Assign formal roles such as devil’s advocate or run pre-mortem sessions. These mechanisms depersonalise dissent and legitimise critical thinking.
3. Separate Identity from Ideas: Promote the idea that changing one’s mind is a strength, not a weakness. Leaders who model this set the tone for open, adaptive thinking.
4. Slow Down the ‘Snap Yes’: Add cognitive speed bumps to big decisions. Ask: What assumptions are we making? What might we be missing? Who gains if we’re wrong?
5. Reward Truth-Seekers: Recognise those who challenge consensus respectfully, raise red flags early, or bring forward uncomfortable insights. These individuals make your business more resilient.
Final Thought: Resilient Leaders Embrace Discomfort
Leaders aren’t just decision-makers—they’re narrative-shapers. They influence not just what organisations do, but what they believe.
When leadership teams sanitise uncomfortable truths in favour of harmony, they trade clarity for comfort. Over time, that comfort becomes dangerous.
The future belongs to leaders who seek challenge over cheerleading, clarity over certainty, and truth over tribalism. Not because it’s easy, but because the cost of denial is too high to ignore.
The best leaders don’t fear facts. They create cultures that welcome them.
The Right Conversation Can Change Everything. Let’s Talk.
by Atiya Sheikh | May 25, 2025 | Board Members, Board Trustees, CEO, CFO, COO, CIO, General Managers, Heads of Divisions, Leadership Development
Resilience Starts at the Top: How Leaders Can Equip Their Businesses for Disruption
In an age of constant flux, where global shocks and rapid change have become the norm, the role of a CEO has evolved. Today’s leaders must move beyond traditional responsibilities and embrace a more dynamic title: Chief Resilience Officer.
Recent research from McKinsey & Company raises a pressing concern—84% of business leaders say they feel ill-equipped to handle future disruptions, and 60% of board members believe their organisations lack the preparation to face the next major crisis. Yet, amid this uncertainty, leaders can adopt clear, actionable strategies to build resilience and position their organisations for sustainable growth.
Understanding the Five Dimensions of Resilience
To lead effectively through disruption, CEOs must recognise that resilience spans multiple dimensions. McKinsey outlines four key areas:
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Financial Resilience – The flexibility, liquidity, and access to capital organisations need to weather setbacks and seize opportunities.
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Operational Resilience – The agility to pivot business practices swiftly and at scale.
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Organisational Resilience – The cultural and structural strength that enables teams to adapt and recover from setbacks.
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External Resilience – The strength of stakeholder relationships—including clients, regulators, and investors—that stabilise and support the business.
At inemmo, we believe organisations must also prioritise a fifth dimension:
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Digital Resilience – The ability to adapt, protect, and thrive in an increasingly digital world. This includes countering cyber threats, embracing emerging technologies, sustaining operations through digital platforms, and enhancing digital capabilities across all levels of staff.
In our global leadership work, we regularly observe how digital fragility can undermine even the most robust strategies. Digital resilience is no longer just part of operational readiness—it has become a strategic imperative.
Embedding Resilience into Organisational Vision
High-performing companies often outperform their peers because their leadership teams align under a shared, resilient vision. CEOs must set this ‘North Star’—a guiding purpose that remains steady in turbulent times.
However, many organisations fail to communicate their vision consistently during uncertainty. CEOs must take the lead in recalibrating their messaging, ensuring it connects long-term ambition with short-term responsiveness. A resilient vision inspires confidence and unifies teams navigating ambiguity.
Linking Resilience Directly to Growth
Resilient businesses don’t wait for disruption to expose weaknesses—they plan ahead. McKinsey reports that 72% of high-performing CEOs set growth targets that exceed the market average. These leaders recognise that resilience acts not only as a shield but as a catalyst for progress and innovation.
Practical actions include scenario planning, stress testing, and using periods of calm to build future capabilities. When leaders treat resilience as a growth engine, they position their organisations to seize opportunities amid uncertainty.
Investing in People and ‘Full-Body’ Resilience
Organisational strength relies on more than systems—it depends on people. CEOs must build what McKinsey describes as “full-body resilience” by addressing all five dimensions in an integrated way. Strength in one area should support others when pressure builds.
This requires investment in the adaptability and well-being of individuals across the business. Leaders should prioritise hiring and developing people who remain agile, responsive, and solution-focused—even under pressure.
Strengthening Stakeholder Relationships
In a complex, interconnected world, CEOs must show up as visible, vocal, and values-led leaders. While many executives believe in corporate responsibility, few feel that organisations take meaningful action.
Effective leaders build external resilience by cultivating strong relationships with a wide range of stakeholders—suppliers, clients, policymakers, investors, and media. These relationships grow through authenticity, consistent communication, and the courage to lead conversations on critical issues.
Final Thought
At inemmo, we believe resilient leadership goes beyond managing risk—it requires a mindset shift. In moments of upheaval, CEOs who embrace this expanded role, align their people, adapt their strategies, and build external trust will guide their organisations toward long-term value and impact.
Is your leadership team ready to become resilience architects?
The Right Conversation Can Change Everything. Let’s Talk.
by Atiya Sheikh | May 25, 2025 | Board Members, Board Trustees, CEO, CFO, COO, CIO, General Managers, Heads of Divisions
Succession Planning: The Strategic Discipline That Shapes the Future
Leadership succession is not an event—it is a discipline. Done well, it secures continuity, strengthens organisational confidence, and positions businesses to adapt and grow. But handled poorly, it exposes gaps, disrupts momentum, and undermines long-term performance.
At inemmo, we work with boards and executive teams to treat succession planning as a vital thread of strategy. It is not about filling a vacancy; it is about building a pipeline of leaders prepared to guide the business through whatever comes next.
Embed Succession from the Start, Not the Exit
Succession planning should begin the moment a new CEO or senior leader steps into their role—not when they start thinking about stepping down. Organisations that excel in this space treat succession as an ongoing leadership responsibility, not a reactive process.
Embedding succession planning into the rhythm of executive oversight enables early identification of potential successors and helps ensure long-term readiness.. It allows leadership teams to make informed decisions, avoid last-minute scrambles, and ensure the future is always being shaped—not simply awaited.
The Next Leader Should Be Built for What’s Ahead
One of the most common missteps in succession is choosing someone who mirrors the current leader. While continuity has its place, it should not come at the expense of future readiness.
Boards and leadership teams must look beyond what works now because tomorrow’s challenges will be different. What capabilities will be essential as the business evolves? What leadership style will help the organisation respond to new market forces, emerging technologies, or global uncertainties?
Succession planning must be future-facing. It requires a clear, dynamic leadership profile—one that evolves alongside strategy, culture, and external shifts. Psychometric tools, behavioural assessments and executive development insights provide the evidence needed to identify not just high performers, but high-potential leaders prepared for tomorrow’s demands.
A Strong Handover Builds Confidence and Momentum
A leadership transition is not just about who comes next—it’s about how they are supported. Outgoing leaders play a vital role in enabling a smooth handover. When handled with transparency and structure, this transition builds confidence among investors, employees, and stakeholders.
It is essential that the incoming leader is given both backing and breathing space. A well-executed handover includes mentorship without interference, knowledge transfer without micromanagement, and public endorsement without overreach.
The real measure of a leadership legacy is not only in what was achieved—but in how the next chapter is made possible.
Succession Planning as a Leadership Culture
Truly resilient organisations treat succession planning as a core element of their leadership culture. It becomes part of how talent is developed, how strategy is sustained, and how growth is enabled over time.
At inemmo, we help organisations make succession planning part of the leadership dialogue, not a last-minute discussion. We support boards, senior teams and HR leaders to prepare the next generation of executives—not just to take over, but to take the organisation forward.
Succession is not about replacement. It’s about renewal.
The Right Conversation Can Change Everything. Let’s Talk.
by Atiya Sheikh | Mar 2, 2025 | Board Members, CEO, CFO, COO, CIO, Heads of Divisions, Managing Directors, News & Articles
Boeing was once a leader in aerospace innovation, symbolising excellence in engineering and manufacturing. Today, it faces a crisis driven by leadership decisions, corporate strategy, and technical failures. The company’s struggles serve as a warning to senior executives across industries—short-term decision-making and an excessive focus on financial metrics can weaken a company’s core strengths, with lasting consequences.
The Risks of Prioritising Shareholder Value Over Long-Term Stability
One of Boeing’s biggest mistakes was prioritising shareholder value over its core operations. The company spent an estimated $68 billion on share buybacks between 2010 and 2024. While these decisions pleased investors in the short term, they weakened Boeing’s ability to invest in research, quality control, and supplier relationships.
Instead of focusing on innovation and product excellence, Boeing’s leadership prioritised financial engineering. The consequences have been severe: supply chain failures, declining safety standards, reputational damage, and financial losses.
The lesson is clear: financial success should result from strong leadership, not be the sole focus of corporate strategy. Companies that chase short-term stock market gains at the expense of sustainable growth put their foundations at risk.
The Consequences of Outsourcing and Disengaged Leadership
Boeing’s reliance on outsourcing and offshoring aimed to streamline operations and reduce costs. In reality, it created a fragmented supply chain with serious quality control issues.
The 787 Dreamliner illustrates this problem. Boeing designed it with a highly outsourced production model, sourcing 30% of components from outside the US, compared to just 5% for the 747. Management assumed external suppliers would uphold Boeing’s engineering standards. Instead, a lack of direct oversight led to production delays, technical flaws, and costly redesigns.
Many industries have followed a similar path, prioritising cost-cutting over quality and control. The lesson for senior leaders? A company should never outsource its core competencies. While strategic partnerships and global supply chains have benefits, they must be carefully managed to maintain operational integrity.
Leadership and Its Impact on Organisational Culture
Boeing’s cultural shift stems from two major decisions:
- The 1997 Merger with McDonnell Douglas – This merger introduced a more aggressive, Wall Street-driven mindset. The company moved away from its legacy of engineering excellence and safety. Many analysts link this cultural shift to Boeing’s current struggles.
- The 2001 Relocation of Boeing’s Headquarters – Moving the headquarters from Seattle to Chicago distanced executives from frontline operations. This physical and cultural separation weakened leadership’s connection with engineers and production teams.
These decisions highlight an important lesson: leadership shapes corporate culture, and executives must remain engaged with core operations. The most successful organisations ensure that senior leaders stay closely connected to their people, processes, and products.
Lessons for Today’s Business Leaders
Boeing’s challenges are not unique to the aerospace sector. Industries such as technology, finance, healthcare, and manufacturing face similar pressures to cut costs, improve efficiency, and satisfy investors. However, as Boeing’s experience shows, prioritising efficiency over strategic investment can create long-term instability.
Key takeaways for executives and senior managers:
- Sustainable success requires long-term vision – Short-term financial gains should never compromise operational excellence and innovation.
- Outsourcing must be measured, not excessive – While external partnerships can improve efficiency, businesses must retain control over their most essential processes.
- Leadership must stay connected to the core business – Disengaged executives risk losing sight of the organisation’s purpose and values.
- Culture is a vital asset – A strong, mission-driven culture enhances resilience during crises.
A Path to Recovery?
Boeing’s new CEO, Kelly Ortberg, appears to recognise the need for change. His decision to base himself in Seattle rather than the company’s Arlington, Virginia, headquarters signals a return to hands-on leadership. His approach—prioritising safety, quality, and direct engagement—could help restore Boeing’s credibility.
For leaders across industries, Boeing’s story is a reminder that business success is not just about financial performance. It is about building a company that can stand the test of time.
How is your organisation balancing financial priorities with long-term sustainability?
The Right Conversation Can Change Everything. Let’s Talk.
by Atiya Sheikh | Mar 2, 2025 | Board Members, CEO, CFO, COO, CIO, News & Articles, Senior Managers, Women Leaders
Modern business thrives on rapid digital transformation, where data is more than just numbers—it is the foundation of innovation and operational success. Without trust in data, even the most advanced AI systems can mislead organisations, causing financial losses and damaging reputations. Recent research highlights this risk: a 2024 Gartner study estimated that poor data quality drains 20–35% of operating revenue, while a Forrester report found that businesses lose 22% of revenue due to data inaccuracies. As generative AI (Gen AI) reshapes industries, organisations must strengthen data trust to harness its full potential.
Data as a Strategic Asset
Reliable data enables leaders to make smarter decisions and drive innovation. However, inaccurate or inconsistent data can lead to costly mistakes, such as incorrect pricing, flawed stock forecasts, or misallocated revenue. These errors can result in substantial financial losses and reputational harm. A McKinsey survey found that 65% of organisations now use Gen AI to enhance decision-making, nearly doubling its adoption in just one year.
Businesses must establish sound data governance to mitigate risks. This requires more than deploying advanced technology; it involves nurturing a data-driven culture and investing in staff training. By standardising data management practices and implementing strong security measures, organisations can transform raw data into a strategic advantage.
Unlocking Efficiency and Innovation with AI
AI integration is already reshaping industries. In customer call centres, Gen AI has reduced transaction times by up to 80% while increasing customer satisfaction by 20%. In aerospace, defence, manufacturing, and automotive sectors, AI-powered 3D modelling accelerates product design and production. Meanwhile, digital twins revolutionise supply chain management.
A global Statista report found that 57% of organisations expect AI to drive efficiency and innovation. By leveraging AI and automation, companies optimise processes and unlock new opportunities. These range from personalised customer experiences to enhanced ESG (Environmental, Social, and Governance) reporting, which supports sustainable growth.
Building and Maintaining Data Trust
To fully capitalise on AI, organisations must first assess their data quality. Identifying gaps and creating a clear improvement strategy are essential steps. A strong governance model should define roles, responsibilities, and processes that safeguard data integrity. Studies show that companies with robust data governance are 40% more likely to outperform competitors.
Upskilling employees is equally important. As AI-driven operations expand, collaboration between data teams and business units ensures data remains accurate, consistent, and secure.
Regulation, Ethics, and Responsible Data Use
Once data trust is established, maintaining it requires strict attention to regulation and ethics. AI technologies now detect anomalies, reduce manual errors, and predict trends, automating data quality checks. However, ethical considerations remain essential. Organisations must implement safeguards against biases in AI algorithms, ensuring transparency in data use and accountability in AI-driven decisions. Understanding a dataset’s origin—its lineage—reinforces transparency and responsible usage, ultimately strengthening trust.
Looking Ahead: A Data-Driven Future in 2025 and Beyond
As Gen AI continues expanding, its influence will grow stronger. The UK government’s AI Opportunities Action Plan, introduced in January, highlights data’s role in creating jobs, driving innovation, and increasing productivity. With global AI investments rising, the strategic value of data integrity becomes even clearer.
In 2025, businesses that enhance data trust will lead successful AI adoption and improve performance. Organisations that prioritise secure, accurate, and transparent data will protect their operations while unlocking new opportunities for growth and innovation.
There is no substitute for data you can trust. How is your organisation ensuring data integrity in an AI-driven world? By investing in strong governance, ethical AI practices, and continuous upskilling, businesses can turn data challenges into competitive advantages in an increasingly digital world.
The Right Conversation Can Change Everything. Let’s Talk.
by Joy Maitland | Mar 1, 2025 | Board Members, Board Trustees, CEO, CFO, COO, CIO, Heads of Divisions, Managing Directors, News & Articles, Non-Executive Board Members, Senior Managers
Bold ideas and visionary leaders may capture headlines, but real organisational transformation emerges from the intricate web of new and evolving relationships.
Embracing Complexity: A Smarter Approach to Business Transformation
Transformation is often framed as a bold vision driven by senior leadership, executed through structured plans. Yet in today’s volatile business environment, this approach falls short. Real change does not come from rigid strategies but from the interplay of relationships, systems, and emerging opportunities. Leaders who embrace complexity rather than resist it will unlock new levels of agility, adaptability, and innovation.
The Flaw in Traditional Transformation Thinking
Many leaders assume transformation is best achieved through top-down control—a defined roadmap with clear milestones. While structure has its place, this approach underestimates the reality of complex organisations: change is non-linear, unpredictable, and shaped by countless interactions across teams, departments, and stakeholders.
Relying solely on executive directives often leads to missed opportunities and resistance. Employees on the front lines understand operational challenges and customer needs in ways that leadership alone cannot. When transformation efforts engage diverse perspectives and allow adaptive decision-making, organisations become more resilient and responsive.
Why Complexity is an Advantage
Businesses today operate in interconnected systems—supply chains, markets, and workforces that evolve continuously. Attempting to control every variable is futile. Instead, leaders should focus on enabling conditions where change can emerge organically.
A company that integrates feedback loops, cross-functional collaboration, and iterative learning creates agility at all levels. This allows teams to pivot when faced with unexpected challenges rather than being constrained by rigid plans. Complexity is not a barrier; it is a source of strength for organisations that build adaptability into their culture.
Leadership: From Control to Enabling Change
Effective leaders in complex environments shift from directing to empowering. Instead of imposing a fixed agenda, they:
- Set a clear vision, but allow flexibility in execution
- Encourage open collaboration across functions to surface innovative solutions
- Support a culture of learning, where feedback informs strategy
- Break down silos, ensuring that transformation is a shared responsibility
This leadership approach does not mean stepping back—it means creating the right conditions for transformation to thrive.
Building Agility Into Strategy
Rigid, one-size-fits-all strategies no longer work in dynamic environments. Instead, organisations should:
- Treat plans as adaptable frameworks, not static roadmaps
- Test and iterate—small-scale pilots can uncover unexpected insights
- Balance structure with flexibility, allowing teams to adjust based on real-time challenges
Business transformation is not a single event—it is a continuous process shaped by relationships, learning, and adaptability. Leaders who recognise the power of complexity will build organisations that not only survive change but thrive because of it. The challenge is not to eliminate complexity but to harness it.
Is your organisation structured for control—or for adaptability?
The Right Conversation Can Change Everything. Let’s Talk.